He tapped the keyboard. "But look here. The firing voltage is normal. The burn time is short... but the coil oscillations are wrong."
: This reference document provides expected voltage values and visual patterns for common components like Air Flow Meters (AFM), noting that idle voltage should be approximately 1.0V and rise to 4.5V under acceleration. Source : Reference Waveform Library (PDF) . Key Waveform Interpretation Principles pdf automotive oscilloscopes waveform analysis
He zoomed in on the waveform. At the very end of the spark event, there should have been three or four diminishing ripples of energy—coil oscillations. On his screen, there was one. Maybe one and a half. He tapped the keyboard
The holy grail. A PDF dedicated to this will show you how to overlay a pressure waveform (PSI vs. Degrees) on top of an ignition waveform. You can physically see the moment of combustion and identify detonation (knock) that knock sensors miss. The burn time is short